Types of Pacemakers
有许多类型的起搏器，用于治疗一系列心脏疾病. 我们在加州大学旧金山分校使用全套设备，我们的心脏团队在各种移植方面都有专业知识. Here's help with understanding the types:
- 单室起搏器有一根导线连接心脏的右下腔(心室)或右上腔(心房)。.
- 双腔起搏器有两根导线连接到心脏右侧的上腔和下腔. 这个装置有助于控制心室之间收缩的时间.
- A biventricular pacemaker has three leads, 哪个连接到心脏右侧的两个腔室和左心室. 这种类型用于调节一些晚期心力衰竭患者的心脏跳动.
- A pacemaker may be combined with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD)，如果心跳过快到危险的程度，它可以将你的心跳震回正常节律. This device is used to prevent sudden death.
- 通过微创手术将无铅起搏器植入心脏.
你的十大赌博平台排行榜会根据你的症状和特定的心脏状况为你推荐最好的类型.
Evaluation
To determine whether a pacemaker is appropriate for your condition, 你将被检查是否有可能损坏你的心脏电气系统的某些问题. These include:
- Age-related changes in the heart
- Coronary artery disease
- Heart attack
- Heart block (also called atrioventricular or AV block), 心脏电系统出现问题，导致心率缓慢
As part of your evaluation, you may have the following tests:
Based on your test results and symptoms, your doctor will determine whether a pacemaker is right for you and, if so, which type. For instance, 如果测试显示你的心脏不太好不能协调地收缩, you may be a candidate for a biventricular pacemaker.
Procedure
The procedure to place a pacemaker depends on the type.
带导联起搏器-这需要一到三个小时的手术和全身麻醉. 外科十大赌博平台排行榜在锁骨下方做一个小切口，通过这个切口将导线插入附近的静脉. Guided by X-ray images, the surgeon threads the lead to your heart and secures it in place with a tiny screw; the other end attaches to the pacemaker. 然后十大赌博平台排行榜会对脉冲发生器进行编程，并将其放置在你胸部的皮肤下, near the collarbone. You may see a bump under the skin where the device is located.
无铅起搏器-这是植入微创程序, using a thin, flexible tube called a catheter to access the heart. After an injection to numb the area, 将含有起搏器的导管插入腹股沟的血管中. 十大赌博平台排行榜将导管穿过这条血管进入你的心脏右下腔, then releases the pacemaker and attaches it to heart tissue. The catheter is then removed.
Recovery
手术结束后，你会在术后接受一段时间的监护. Most patients spend the night in the hospital, 但有时在门诊病人的基础上也可以安全地进行这项手术, meaning you can go home the same day. 出院前，你的十大赌博平台排行榜会确保心脏起搏器的程序符合你的需要.
在接下来的一个月里，你应该避免剧烈运动和举起任何超过10磅重的东西. 如果你感到不适，你可能需要服用非处方药. Ask your doctors which pain relievers are safe for you.
你将被安排进行为期一周的检查，以确保你的切口看起来没问题. This may be in person or via video. 手术后大约一个月，你将回到你的十大赌博平台排行榜那里进行随访.
You will be monitored by our device clinic or your local doctor. 我们将为您提供一种特殊的设备，可以让您将起搏器连接到电话线上，进行远程测试，看看一切是否正常，并检测出任何异常的心律. The pacemaker can be reprogrammed as needed.
Risks
一般来说，与起搏器相关的风险来自于放置它的手术. Most are temporary, and life-threatening complications are rare. Risks include:
- allergic reaction to anesthesia
- bleeding
- bruising
- damaged nerves or blood vessels
- an infection at the incision site
- collapsed lung (very rare)
- punctured heart (very rare)
Electrical interference
现代起搏器对其他电子设备的敏感程度低于旧型号, but certain appliances or machinery can still cause interference. For example, you should avoid:
- keeping a cell phone or MP3 player in a pocket over your pacemaker
- 长时间站在某些电器附近，如微波炉
- prolonged exposure to a metal detector
- high-voltage transformers
你的十大赌博平台排行榜会提供更完整的指导，告诉你如何将风险降到最低.
